A natual number n is factored when it is written as a collection of natural numbers whose product is n. A prime number is a natural number that has only itself and 1 as factors; other natural numbers are composite.

In Ancient Greek times it was already known that each natural number had a unique prime factorization. That is to say, given a natural number n, there is just one way (except for the order) to write a collection of prime numbers whose product is n.

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